BERLIN — For the first time in 16 years, Germany will be run by a man. But although Angela Merkel is handing over the chancellery to a male successor, the incoming cabinet will have more women than ever before. Half, to be exact.
Olaf Scholz, the incoming chancellor, kept his election promise to appoint as many women as men to his government — and not only that, women will run all the briefs related to security and diplomacy.
Germany will have its first female foreign minister and its first female interior minister. It will also get its third female defense minister in a row.
“Security will lie in the hands of strong women in this government,” Mr. Scholz said on Monday. Mr. Scholz, a Social Democrat, will lead a three-way coalition with the progressive Greens and libertarian Free Democrats.
“Women and men account for half the population each, so women should also get half the power,” he added. “I’m very proud that we have succeeded in realizing this.”
The fact that it is Ms. Merkel’s male successor who is doing something that she never achieved herself — gender parity in the cabinet — speaks to the very mixed legacy on gender for Ms. Merkel, who for over a decade was the most powerful woman in the world.
Ms. Merkel, a conservative, long shunned the word “feminist.” Until her final years in power, she rarely publicly promoted the issue of advancement for women — and women have not advanced all that much. There are notoriously few female business leaders in Germany. And even in politics, where Ms. Merkel has proved a role model for many, the number of female ministers and lawmakers on her watch was stuck at around a third.
Still, many credit Ms. Merkel’s long and popular rein with the fact that Mr. Scholz and his team felt compelled to endorse gender parity.
“Germany has evolved in the last few years and Ms. Merkel played a big part in that,” said Jutta Allmendinger, president of the research institute WZB Berlin Social Science Center and an expert on gender and inequality. “So in a way, Scholz followed the call of the country.”
“Merkel always did her gender politics in secret,” Ms. Allmendinger said. “She is an absolute feminist. The fact that she didn’t proclaim it publicly has to do with the fact that she probably would have lost her power.”
Understand Germany’s New Government
The post-Merkel era begins. For the first time in 16 years, Germany will have a center-left government and a new chancellor, Olaf Scholz, whose job will be to fill the shoes of Angela Merkel. Here’s what to know about the new government:
Who is Olaf Scholz? A lifelong Social Democrat, Mr. Scholz, 63, has been a familiar face in German politics and served in two governments led by Ms. Merkel’s Christian Democratic Party, most recently as her finance minister. But he has also been something of a political chameleon.
An uncommon coalition. The new government led by Mr. Scholz brings together three parties — the Social Democrats, the environmentalist Greens and the pro-business Free Democrats. It is the first time since the 1950s that three partners have formed a government.
The governing deal. Despite their differences, the parties said they had found enough common ground to push forward with plans to beat back the pandemic, increase the minimum wage, address climate change and legalize marijuana.
The pandemic offers a crucial test. A spike in cases has thrust Germany into its worst crisis of the pandemic, vaulting the issue to the top of the coalition’s agenda. But in its first test, the incoming government sent mixed signals before the latest wave forced a retreat to tougher measures.
Foreign policy crises await. Rarely has a German leader come into office with so many burning crises. Mr. Scholz will have to deal with tensions on the Polish-Belarusian border, a Russian president mobilizing troops near Ukraine, a more confrontational China and a less dependable U.S.
The women who will take office this week have already made clear that they intend to put their mark on their ministries.
Annalena Baerbock, the new foreign minister who ran as chancellor candidate for the Greens, has been vocal about her plan to take a tougher line toward strategic rivals like China and Russia.
The incoming interior minister, Nancy Faeser, a Social Democrat from the state of Hesse, vowed Monday to “fight the biggest threat currently facing our liberal democracy: far-right extremism.”
And Christine Lambrecht, who will become defense minister, promised to get Germany’s notoriously underequipped military the resources it needs and to ensure that, post-Afghanistan, missions on foreign soil would come with an “exit strategy.”
Unlike Ms. Merkel, these ministers seem to have no qualms in proclaiming their feminism.
“I am grateful to be part of this cabinet, a cabinet with gender parity, a cause for which I have fought for many years,” said Klara Geywitz, the new minister for housing and urban development. “It’s an important signal for all women in our country.”
